Python remains the primary language for AI and ML projects due to its extensive libraries and active community.

2025 AI projects increasingly focus on multimodal generative models, combining text, images, and audio for richer applications.

Smaller language models (SLMs) are now being widely used, providing on-device intelligence and improved privacy.

Federated learning enables privacy-preserving collaboration, letting devices train models without sharing raw data centrally.

Final year and hands-on projects often center on real-world tasks like image classification, sentiment analysis, and autonomous systems.

Best practices stress explainability, interoperability, and compliance, especially in sensitive fields like healthcare and finance.